DILANTIN CAPSULE 100 MG [SIN09208P]

Product Info

DILANTIN CAPSULE 100 MG

[SIN09208P]

4.1 Therapeutic indications

Clinical evidence indicates phenytoin is effective in controlling epilepsy, particularly of the generalized tonic-clonic type (grand mal) and psychomotor seizures. It will prevent or greatly decrease the incidence and severity of convulsive seizures in a substantial percentage of cases, and patients exhibit little tendency to become resistant to treatment.

4.2 Posology and method of administration

General

Phenytoin capsules and solution for injection are formulated with the sodium salt of phenytoin. The free acid form of phenytoin is used in the phenytoin suspensions (30 mg/5 mL [pediatric] and 125 mg/5 mL) and in the phenytoin tablets. Because there is approximately an 8% increase in drug content with the free acid form over that of the sodium salt, dosage adjustments and serum level monitoring may be necessary when switching from a product formulated with the free acid to a product formulated with the sodium salt and vice versa.

Dosage should be individualized to provide maximum benefit. In some cases, serum drug level determinations may be necessary for optimal dosage adjustments. Optimum control without clinical signs of toxicity occurs more often with serum levels between 10 mcg/mL and 20 mcg/mL, although some mild cases of tonic-clonic (grand mal) epilepsy may be controlled with lower serum levels of phenytoin. With recommended dosage, a period of 7 to 10 days may be required to achieve steady-state serum levels with phenytoin, and changes in dosage (increase or decrease) should not be carried out at intervals shorter than 7 to 10 days.

Adult Dosage

Divided daily dosage

Patients who have received no previous treatment may be started on 300 mg daily, to be taken in three equally divided doses, and the dosage then adjusted to suit individual requirements. For most adults, the satisfactory maintenance dosage will be 300 mg to 400 mg daily, to be taken in three to four equally divided doses, respectively. An increase up to 600 mg daily may be made if necessary.

Pediatric Dosage

Initially 5 mg/kg/day in two or three equally divided doses, with subsequent dosage individualized to a maximum of 300 mg daily. A recommended daily maintenance dosage is usually 4 mg/kg to 8 mg/kg. Children over 6 years and adolescents may require the minimum adult dose (300 mg/day). If the daily dosage cannot be divided equally, the larger dose should be given at bedtime.

Dosing in Special Populations

Patients with Renal or Hepatic Disease: see Section 4.4 Special warnings and precautions for use – please refer to the Product Insert/Patient Information Leaflet published on HSA for the full drug information.

Elderly Patients: Phenytoin clearance is decreased slightly in elderly patients and lower or less frequent dosing may be required (see Section 5.2 Pharmacokinetic properties – Special Populations – Age – please refer to the Product Insert/Patient Information Leaflet published on HSA for the full drug information).

4.3 Contraindications

Phenytoin is contraindicated in patients who are hypersensitive to phenytoin, or its inactive ingredients, or other hydantoins.

Co-administration of phenytoin with delavirdine is contraindicated due to the potential for loss of virologic response and possible resistance to delavirdine or to the class of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors.